Peace Upon You:
How are you all? I am fine. I am just to ask you if you need any help in English!!! either in writing or grammar or even in novels and short stories. i am a good english reader. also am a student in English Literature and Criticism Master degree in Jordan, so I camt give any of you any help he or she may need. any novel you need to know it's plot, ask me maybe I have read and I can give ahand? who Knows? Nice to feel able to help you colleagues............. take a big hug from me, your sister Susan

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[السلام عليكم لو سمحتي ابي ترجمه هالموضوع باسرع وقت لو سمحتي لاني لازم اقدمه السبت


hgB]The nature & definition of autism





Identification of a new syndrome

He wandered about smiling , making stereotyped movements with his fingers, crossing them about in the air . He shook his head from side to side , whispering or humming the same three-note tune . He spun with great pleasure anything he could seize upon to spin ….when taken into a room , he completely disregarded the people & instantly went for object , preferably those that could be spun…He angrily shoved away the hand was in his way or the foot that stepped on one of his blocks ….' (kanner 1943,reprinted in kannre 1973 pp. 3-5)

This description, of a five-year-old boy called Donald, was written over 60 years age. Kanner saw Donald & made these observations in 1938, & they appear in his land mark paper, published in 1943. That paper was based on a study of 11 case that kanner had encountered in his work as a child psychiatrist in the USA . He decided, as a result of this study, that these children had enough in common, & were sufficiently different from other children he saw, to warrant the identification of a separate condition .

Autism, then, has only been defined as a condition since the early 1940s although, as Frith (1989a) has shown, it is likely that people with autism have always been with us. Given its complex manifestations & the controversies over a etiology, it is not surprising that there have been, & continue to be, controversy &misunderstanding over diagnosis & treatment as well. wing (1997) gives an overview of the history of ideas in autism. Kanner, while describing the features of the disorder with an accuracy & a perceptiveness that has largely stood the lest of time, came to think the condition was an emotional illness with a psychogenic origin. Mothers of children with autism were described as 'refrigerator mothers who had only managed to defrost long enough to have a child ' . Some workers in this area have defended this position (e.g. Bettleheim-1967) but research & clinical experience over the years has failed to provide any evidence that mothers (or indeed fathers) 'cause's autism. If parent of children with autism appear odd in any way, it is more likely to be an effect of having such a child (or a mark of a broader genetic phenotype) rather than a cause .



Autistic spectrum disorders

At almost the same time, Asperger was also identifying a group of children as having autism (Asperger 1944, translated Frith 1991a) . Kanner's work became well known & had great influence throughout the world, but it is only comparatively recently that Asperger's work has been taken up internationally. As we shall see , this has led to questions about the exclusivity of the two 'syndromes' or indeed whether there are two separate syndromes at all. The earliest confusions, however, were between autism & childhood psychoses. For many years the terms 'childhood schizophrenia' were used as synonyms for 'early infantile autism' , even though autism was not a deterioration in social functioning but an 'autistic' aloofness from the start. [/B]

(طبيعه وتعريف مرض التوحد)

ده مرض نفسى

انت محتاجه واحد شاطر فى نفس تخصصك عشان يعرف يترجم

لو مفيش حد ترجم لحضرتك لحد يوم الاربعاء القادم

ان شاء الله نعمل كبايه شاى ونترجم لحضرتك مع انى عارف انها مش هتكون ترجمه متخصصه

تحياتى

مرحبا سوزان ممكن تساعديني في كتابتة تعبير لأني أخذتreset in writing

الدكتورة حبت تساعدني وعطتني الموضوع وهو
advantaage and disadvantage from living in city like riyadh